Biotechnology principles and processes class 12 Chapter 11 MCQ

Biotechnology Principles and processes class 12 MCQ Question and Answer

Biotechnology Principles and Processes class 12 MCQ taken from NCERT book these are very Important MCQ prepared by latest exam pettern. practising these biotechnology principles and processes class 12 MCQ really effective ti Improve your understanding level.

Question:1 Which of the following is not a step in the genetic engineering process?

1. a) Isolation of DNA
2. b) Restriction enzyme digestion
3. c) Ligation
4. d) Polymerase chain reaction

Question:2 The first genetically modified (GM) crop that was commercially cultivated was

1. a) Bt cotton
2. b) Golden rice
3. c) Bt brinjal
4. d) Roundup Ready soybean

Question:3 DNA ligase is an enzyme used in genetic engineering to

1. a) Cut DNA into fragments
2. b) Amplify DNA segments
3. c) Join DNA fragments
4. d) Separate DNA strands

Question:4 The technique used for separating DNA fragments based on their size is called

1. a) PCR
2. b) DNA hybridization
3. c) Gel electrophoresis
4. d) Cloning

Question:5 Plasmids are commonly used as vectors in genetic engineering because they are

1. a) Small, circular, self-replicating DNA molecules
2. b) Large, linear DNA molecules
3. c) Found only in eukaryotes
4. d) Unable to carry foreign genes

Question:6 In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), what is denaturation?

1. a) The synthesis of DNA strands
2. b) The separation of DNA strands
3. c) The replication of plasmids
4. d) The analysis of DNA fragments

Question:7 What is the role of reverse transcriptase in recombinant DNA technology?

1. a) It produces cDNA from RNA
2. b) It synthesizes RNA from DNA
3. c) It cleaves DNA at specific sites
4. d) It amplifies DNA fragments

Question:8 Which enzyme is used to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA in the reverse transcription process?

1. a) DNA polymerase
2. b) RNA polymerase
3. c) Reverse transcriptase
4. d) DNA ligase

Question:9 Which of the following is used to identify a specific DNA sequence in a mixture of DNA fragments?

1. a) PCR
2. b) Southern blotting
3. c) Gel electrophoresis
4. d) DNA sequencing

Question:10 What is the purpose of a selectable marker in a plasmid vector?

1. a) To facilitate DNA amplification
2. b) To ensure proper ligation
3. c) To identify recombinant cells
4. d) To distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA

Question:11 What is the function of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

1. a) To join DNA fragments
2. b) To amplify DNA segments
3. c) To cut DNA at specific recognition sites
4. d) To amplify RNA segments

Question:12 Which of the following techniques is used to introduce genes into plant cells?

1. a) ELISA
2. b) Western blotting
3. c) Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer
4. d) Polymerase chain reaction

Question:13 The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to

1. a) Replicate DNA segments
2. b) Cut DNA into fragments
3. c) Join DNA fragments
4. d) Amplify RNA segments

Question:14 Which of the following enzymes is used to synthesize a complementary strand of DNA during PCR?

1. a) DNA polymerase
2. b) RNA polymerase
3. c) Ligase
4. d) Reverse transcriptase

Question:15 What is the purpose of DNA hybridization in genetic engineering?

1. a) To analyze DNA sequences
2. b) To amplify DNA segments
3. c) To separate DNA fragments
4. d) To identify complementary DNA strands

Question:16 The process of separating DNA fragments based on their size and charge in an agarose gel is known as

1. a) DNA sequencing
2. b) DNA fingerprinting
3. c) Gel electrophoresis
4. d) DNA amplification

Question:17 Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified organism (GMO)?

1. a) A naturally occurring tomato
2. b) A tomato plant with a resistance gene inserted
3. c) A tomato plant with altered leaf color
4. d) A tomato plant treated with pesticides

Question:18 The enzyme used to synthesize cDNA from RNA templates is

1. a) DNA polymerase
2. b) RNA polymerase
3. c) Reverse transcriptase
4. d) DNA ligase

Question:19 In genetic engineering, a vector is used to

1. a) Cut DNA into fragments
2. b) Amplify DNA segments
3. c) Carry foreign DNA into a host organism
4. d) Isolate specific genes

Question:20 Which of the following is a genetically engineered human protein used to treat diabetes?

1. a) Human insulin
2. b) Human growth hormone
3. c) Erythropoietin
4. d) Interferon

Question:21 Viral genome incomporated into host DNA is called.

1. Prophase
2. Prophage
3. Bacteriophage
4. None of these

Question:22 Transgenic plants are develop by .

1. Introducing of foreign fenes
2. Clone and genetically modified genes
3. Genetic engineering
4. Purified genes

Question:23 Two microbes found to be very useful in genetic, engineering are.

1. Escherichia Coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens
2. vibrio cholerae and tailed bacteriophage
3. Diplococus sp and pseudomonas sp.
4. None of these

Question:24 who discovered Restricted endonuclease enzymes ?

1. smith and nathane
2. beiger
3. waxman
4. Fleming

Question:25 In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules are separted on the basis of their.

1. Charge only
2. size only
3. charge to size ratio
4. all of these

Biotechnology Principles and processes class 12 MCQ Exam level

Question:26 Which enzyme is responsible for creating complementary RNA strands during transcription?

1. a) DNA polymerase
2. b) RNA polymerase
3. c) Ligase
4. d) Helicase Answer:

Question:27 In genetic engineering, what is the role of a host organism?

1. a) To carry foreign DNA into a host organism
2. b) To cut DNA at specific recognition sites
3. c) To replicate and express the recombinant DNA
4. d) To amplify specific DNA segments

Question:28 The technique used to introduce foreign genes into plant cells is called

1. a) Agarose gel electrophoresis
2. b) Southern blotting
3. c) Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer
4. d) Reverse transcription Answer:

Question:29 What is the first commercially available genetically modified (GM) food product?

1. a) Bt cotton
2. b) Golden rice
3. c) Flavr Savr tomato
4. d) Roundup Ready soybean

Question:30 What is the function of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

1. a) To replicate DNA segments
2. b) To join DNA fragments
3. c) To cut DNA at specific recognition sites
4. d) To amplify RNA segments

MCQ Answers

Question No	Answer	Question No	Answer
1	D	16	C
2	A	17	B
3	C	18	C
4	C	19	C
5	A	20	A
6	B	21	C
7	A	22	A
8	C	23	A
9	B	24	A
10	C	25	A
11	C	26	B
12	C	27	C
13	A	28	C
14	A	29	C
15	D	30	C

Question and Answer

Question:1 What is the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

1. Answer: Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific recognition sites, allowing the precise isolation of DNA fragments for further manipulation.

Question:2 How is cDNA different from genomic DNA?

1. Answer: cDNA (complementary DNA) is synthesized from messenger RNA (mRNA) and represents only the coding regions of genes. Genomic DNA includes both coding and non-coding regions and is extracted directly from an organism’s genome.

Question:3 What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in genetic engineering?

1. Answer: Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size and charge. It helps analyze the size and quantity of DNA fragments, ensuring successful DNA isolation and manipulation.

Question:4 Why are plasmids commonly used as vectors in genetic engineering?

1. Answer: Plasmids are small, circular, self-replicating DNA molecules that can carry foreign genes into host organisms. Their compact size and ability to replicate make them ideal for cloning and gene transfer.

Question:5 What is the significance of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in biotechnology?

1. Answer: PCR is a powerful technique for amplifying specific DNA segments, enabling the generation of large quantities of DNA from limited starting material. It has various applications, from DNA sequencing to disease diagnostics.

Read also

1. Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms class 12 MCQ
2. Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction Flowering plants class 12 MCQ
3. Chapter 3: Human Reproduction class 12 MCQ
4. Chapter 4: Reproductive Health class 12 MCQ
5. Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation class 12 MCQ

Conclusion

In conclusion, the principles and processes of biotechnology in Class 12 are essential for understanding genetic engineering, DNA manipulation, and the applications of biotechnology in various fields. These principles lay the foundation for advancements in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental sciences, shaping the future of biotechnological innovations.